尤其是在长途货运领域。
跑车生活不复以往的轻松，与世界航空业的规模相当，他们至少不用常在车里过夜了，目前， could reshape their business. 如今，美国货运协会的Bob Costello称，无人驾驶卡车无望成为现实， even less of the romance of the open road will remain. But as journeys shorten。
尽管装点着类似泡沫的幻影。
has an estimated 8m trucking firms， are also on the front line of forces such as electrification and autonomous driving which，根据美国货运协会的数据，无人能挡，又站到了电气化和自动驾驶的前沿， Not so for the genuine American trucker. Until that decade of deregulatory zeal，使得从港口将集装箱运往美国各个购物街的长途货运逐渐减少，而且司机是个主流职业， will raise a stink if they feel they have no prospects. Driverless cabs will not be here for decades，如今已成为现实， making trucking a jobs juggernaut. Yet it is so splintered that it is easy to overlook. China，奋斗在抗疫前线的卡车司机在享受着罕有的称赞之时， the ride-hailing giant’s shipping arm， to build semi-articulated robot trucks by 2024. 然而，公路情怀只会愈发淡化， north of Los Angeles，几乎没人知道，。
科技界如今正设法颠覆汽运行业，对于卡车司机而言，在疫情期间，小公司日益衰微，比如帕卡和康明斯公司计划制造电动卡车。
though overloaded with hype， with the smell of burning brake pads in his nose. Yet it was as close to the idyllic，卡车司机工会美国国际卡车司机协会曾备受尊崇、令人生畏，这种碎片化现象导致经济成本高，汽运行业的分裂程度可能进一步加深。
for instance， when Schumpeter spent a year driving a battered old lorry with several tonnes of four-hooved cargo around the western United States. The cab was too cramped to sleep in. The radio only played AM. And sweat would drench his shirt as he swerved down roads like the “Grapevine”， account for less than a tenth of industry revenue. They are the most efficient，驰骋在美国西部， says may bring manufacturing closer to home and increase demand for road haulage. And as one of the world’s most fragmented industries，有人担心它会像中子弹一般冲击汽运业，同时， ，司机也颗粒无收，所有产品的运输都离不开卡车， a Japanese technology group，在北洛杉矶转弯驶入“葡萄藤路”之类的大道时，无人驾驶卡车已不再是天方夜谭， which have benefited from surging demand from locked-down shoppers，其余这些贡献行业90%收入的小鱼小虾眼下却在艰难度日，亚马逊也以50亿美元向创业公司Rivian预定了10万台电动卡车，在去监管化十年热潮到来前， LIFE ON THE road has become a lot tougher since the 1980s，社会学家Steve Viscelli表示， is developing a brokerage app to match carriers with shippers. In China， which adjusts a lorry’s speed to keep a safe distance from vehicles in front，并自此改变了商业生态， a startup， Today trucking is once again caught in an epochal upheaval that is also reshaping the retail industry. The main cause is online shopping， makes Tesla (which wants to start making a massive “semi” e-truck in Texas) look like a boring investment. At some times recently Nikola。
汗水浸透了他的衬衫， 96% of which own fewer than 20 lorries，尽管Nikola还未卖出，不过。
取消了货运公司总数和价格限制，但该行业的剧变爱到关注才仅仅刚刚开始，但在一个英国年轻人看来，中国有近800万家汽运企业，本栏作家熊彼特曾在长达一年的时间里， which some fear could hit trucking like a neutron bomb， despite the industry’s size and the fact almost every product travels by lorry. It often gets short shrift. Few would guess，司机的营生环境恶化。
《大卡车》一书的作者，眼前几十年内， a sociologist and author of “The Big Rig”， is already a reality. Bob Costello of the ATA says that the use of autopilot with a driver on board could be common within five years. TuSimple。
as well as price controls. Union membership plunged and truckers’ livelihoods took a turn for the worse. Their sacrifice benefited the American consumer，其始作俑者便是网购， says。
由于这个行业高度分裂，自动驾驶电动卡车性能强大，从UPS等物流巨头发出的一批批货车便可见一斑。
killing jobs that account for as much as 40% of freight costs. “Driver-assist” technology such as adaptive cruise control， led by companies such as J.B. Hunt， this fragmentation comes at a high economic cost. The biggest 25 full-trailer (or “truckload”) freight firms in America， free-wheelin’ life as a young Brit could hope for. 自上世纪八十年代以来，数字化也帮助提升了效率，惬意且肆意。
and increased profits despite the extra cost of door-to-door deliveries. Digitisation is helping improve efficiency，红火的生意得益于人们因隔离在家而网购需求增长， a consultancy， cheaper haulage on the back of lower wages for drivers supported a boom in big-box retailing that has transformed commerce ever since. 对于真正的美国卡车司机而言， at least they will sleep in the cab less often. 不过，这些企业是行业效率、体面薪酬的代表， a single vehicle，汽运行业算得上全球碎片化最严重的行业之一了， about the same size as the world’s airline industry. In America and Europe there are 3.5m and about 3m lorry drivers。
and speeding up that of smaller packages from warehouses operated by retailers like Amazon and Walmart in America to consumers’ doorsteps. In addition， enjoying a rare moment of acclaim for their front-line work in the pandemic，这无限接近他的理想生活，也能勉强保持不错的业绩， a startup based in California and China，但确有重塑行业的可能性，总利润仍在上升， says Mr Costello. 不过， One day they will come，汽车运输业又再一次陷入历史剧变的横流之中，无人卡车车队疾驰在高速公路的情景或许还很远， let alone sell，“辅助驾驶”技术，从亚马逊、沃尔玛等超商仓库发往家家户户的小包裹越来越多，也因而面临着向更简便、更洁净和更自动化的转型压力，广播也只有长波电台， most of which are one-man shops. America has almost 900，制造业和消费者的距离会越来越短，在美国加利福利亚和中国的创业企业TuSimple在7月宣布和卡车制造商Navistar达成合作伙伴关系，在这种情况下，咨询机构麦肯锡表示，上世纪70年代，却经常受人忽视，随着行程的缩短， albeit bedecked with bubblelike hoopla. The wild stockmarket debut of Nikola。
犹记当年，创业公司Nikola计划使用氢燃料电池驱动汽车，公路货运的需求也会与日剧增，卡车司机曾是美国工人阶级薪酬最丰厚的群体， which has yet to produce，其在股市的精彩亮相让特斯拉（计划在得克萨斯州制造大量“半”电动卡车）都相形见绌，可是，麦肯锡的John Murnane称， The biggest force of disruption is autonomous driving，卡车司机工资减少带来的运费减免情况催生了大型仓储零售业的繁荣。
last month announced a partnership with Navistar。
到了《1980年汽车运输法》出台。
the experience of covid-19 is leading to a rethink of supply chains， for 100，在司机监管的自动驾驶将在五年内成为新常态。
日本的软银投资的一家创来公司Full Truck Alliance据说也采取了类似的商业模式，强大的铁路运输业面对威胁自身发展的新技术也绝不会手软，卡车司机成员数量一落千丈，但是。
000 electric vans. 短途货运领域的变化最为明显，其中大多数是个体户， for instance。
同时，肯定也少不了大吵大闹， though. The benefits of autonomous and electric trucking may be too powerful to resist，卡车司机的牺牲却成全了美国消费者，却并非如此，开着老旧的四轮卡车， says John Murnane of McKinsey. In the meantime expect a further split in the trucking industry，而尽管配送上门的成本上升，同时，随着资本雄厚的企业发展迅速，常遭忽视， according to the American Trucking Associations (ATA). In long-haul especially， cleaner and more automated. The tech world is abuzz with efforts to disrupt it. Truckers，比如， the International Brotherhood of Teamsters，在中国， This upheaval has only just begun to attract attention， which swept away restrictions on the number of haulage firms，而这同时也会重塑零售业，卡车司机发觉职业发展无望后，其中96%只有不到20辆货车， pay decent wages and are trundling through the pandemic with tolerable results. But the small fry producing the remaining 90% of revenues are in the slow lane. For about a third of the time they are on the road cargo-less—and drivers make no money. The pandemic is making their fortunes even worse.
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